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Douglas-fir

Pseudotsuga menziesii

Also listed as Abies menziesii

Also known as Common Douglas-fir, Oregon Pine, North American Douglas-fir

tree☀️ full sun💧💧 moderate water❄ Hardy: Zone 3b – Zone 9b

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A tall, evergreen conifer with soft, flat needles and a graceful pyramidal form. Widely valued for timber and as an ornamental shade tree in temperate regions.

Why grow it

Douglas-fir grows faster and taller than most other temperate conifers, making it efficient for timber production and large-scale screening. Compared to spruce or true firs, it tolerates a wider range of soil conditions and establishes well in both coastal and inland climates across its native Pacific Northwest range. It provides reliable year-round structure and shade in mixed forest settings where other conifers might underperform.

Watch out for

Young trees are susceptible to transplant stress if moved from nursery stock to field conditions without gradual hardening off. In areas outside its native range, ensure adequate summer moisture during establishment, as drought can leave trees vulnerable to pest damage. The shallow root system on mature trees in windy sites may require staking or deliberate thinning to reduce wind throw risk.

Overview

Form
Pyramidal
Growth Rate
moderate
Size
40–110′ tall × 12–50′ wide
Dormancy
evergreen
Family
Pinaceae
Biomass and mulchErosion controlHedgerowWindbreak

Native to the United States

Native Range

Western North America (Pacific Northwest)

Native to: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wyoming

Seasonality

Season of Interest

Winter

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Companion Planting

Plants well with