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Rattlesnake Fern

Botrypus virginianus

Also listed as Botrychium virginianum, Japanobotrychum virginianum

Also known as Rattlesnake Grapefern, Virginia Grapefern, Common Grapefern

herbaceous⛅ part shade💧💧 moderate water❄ Hardy: Zone 4a – Zone 8b

Climate Match for your location

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A delicate woodland fern with distinctive two-part fronds—sterile leafy portions and fertile spore-bearing portions that resemble rattlesnake rattles. It thrives in shaded, moist woodland gardens and is prized by native plant enthusiasts.

Why grow it

Rattlesnake fern offers a distinctive visual structure among woodland ferns, with its dimorphic fronds (fertile and sterile) creating textural interest that most other native ferns lack. It's smaller and less aggressive than many common ferns, making it suitable for shaded understory positions where space is limited. For native plant gardeners, it provides seasonal visual variation and supports regional insect and invertebrate populations.

Watch out for

This fern prefers consistently moist (not waterlogged) soil and can decline if conditions dry out during growing season. It establishes slowly and may take several years to fill in, so patience is needed before it reaches mature size. Avoid moving established plants frequently, as they resent disturbance and may take time to recover.

Overview

Form
Upright
Growth Rate
slow
Size
0.5–1.5′ tall × 0.5–1′ wide
Dormancy
deciduous
Family
Ophioglossaceae

Native to the United States

Native Range

Eastern North America

Native to: Alaska, Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin, West Virginia, Wyoming

Seasonality

Season of Interest

SpringSummer

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Companion Planting

Plants well with