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Holm Oak

Quercus ilex

Also listed as Quercus alpina, Quercus castellana

Also known as Holly Oak, Evergreen Oak

tree☀️ full sun💧 low water❄ Hardy: Zone 7a – Zone 11b

Climate Match for your location

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A dense, evergreen Mediterranean oak with small, dark glossy leaves and a rounded crown. Highly drought-tolerant once established and tolerates poor, rocky soils.

Why grow it

Holm oak offers reliable evergreen structure and drought tolerance superior to most temperate oaks, making it valuable for Mediterranean and semi-arid climates where deciduous species struggle. Unlike more fussy Mediterranean natives, it establishes reasonably well in cooler regions once rooted and tolerates a wider range of soil conditions than many alternatives.

Watch out for

Young trees benefit from consistent watering during their first growing seasons despite the species' eventual drought tolerance. Growth can be slow in cooler climates, and the dense canopy may create challenges for understory plantings due to dense shade and leaf litter accumulation.

Overview

Form
Rounded
Growth Rate
slow
Size
30–82′ tall × 25–65′ wide
Dormancy
evergreen
Family
Fagaceae
EdibleBiomass and mulchErosion controlHedgerowWindbreak

Native Range

Mediterranean

Seasonality

Bloom Season

J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D

Season of Interest

SpringSummerFallWinter

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Companion Planting

Plants well with